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Benjamin Butler (politician)
Benjamin Franklin Butler (November 5, 1818 – January 11, 1893) was an American lawyer, politician and soldier. Born in New Hampshire and raised in Massachusetts, Butler served in the Massachusetts legislature and as an officer in the state militia. During the American Civil War, Butler served as a major general in the Union Army, in which he helped create the legal idea of effectively freeing fugitive slaves as contraband in service of military objectives. That initiative by Butler eventually led to a political groundswell to include general emancipation and slavery's destruction as official war goals for the Union. However, Butler also became a despised figure in the South during the Union occupation of New Orleans. After the war, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts, and later served as the 33rd Governor of Massachusetts from 1883 to 1884.
In 1868, while serving in Congress, Butler had a prominent role in the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.〔Schlup-Ryan (2003), ''Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age'', p. 73〕 As Chairman of the House Committee on Reconstruction, Butler authored the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871, signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant, that gave federal authority to prosecute and destroy the Klan in the South.〔
Butler authored, along with Sen. Charles Sumner, the Civil Rights Act of 1875, signed into law by President Grant.〔Rucker-Alexander (2010), ''Encyclopedia of African American History'', p. 669–700〕 This law, a final act of Reconstruction, gave African American US citizens the right to public accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, lodging, and public entertainment establishments.〔
==Early life==
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